ARPUTHA THIRUVANTHATHI The translation from Tamil to English by Padmaja Narayanan must not have been easy. There had to be a translation of the devotion, translation of time — from one period to another, and translation of the language. Yet, as one goes through the verses, it feels as if one is listening to them directly from the mouth of Ammaiyar, sitting in a temple lit up by lamps and its walls covered in soot. - Bishwanath ghosh